The Adults Only Rating Is Goddamned Dumb
The ESRB, it seemed, had a perfect test case in the Motion Picture Association of America -- a readymade guidebook on what to do and what not to do when establishing a ratings system. They no doubt saw the trouble the movie industry had with the X, then later NC-17, rating. The way everyone avoided it like the plague, rendering it less a rating and more a mark of death. The way it inevitably became associated with pornography -- hell, that's what prompted the change to NC-17 in the first place, but attitudes towards the rating stayed the same. Any reasonable amount of analysis would've shown that a different tact needed to be taken for the new video game ratings system.
But they didn't. The ESRB blindly galloped into the same quagmire the MPAA had been stewing in for decades by creating an Adults Only rating that almost immediately mirrored the NC-17 situation exactly. Stores won't carry it, magazines won't advertise it, and the people making the really filthy stuff are two-bit operations running out of a garage that don't bother to get their games rated anyway. Of the handful of games ever to receive the AO rating, the only one on consoles is the Hot Coffee edition of GTA: San Andreas, and that was only applied after the fact. Just as with NC-17, AO exists less as a rating defining a certain category of games and more as a bottomless abyss at the end of the road, into which is shoved anything deemed to go "a little too far." The definition of "too far", naturally, gets to change with the winds -- winds that are most usually emanating from bloated gas sacs lodged in the gullets of wailing parents and knee-jerking politicians.
I talk about this now because, in case you haven't heard, Manhunt 2 received a preliminary rating of Adults Only on Tuesday. After the announcement, Nintendo was quick to point out that they don't allow AO content on their systems, and later, more surprisingly, Sony said the same. Thus Rockstar is left with absolutely no alternative to but to censor their game and get it re-rated.
Now let's ignore the debate on whether Manhunt 2 should get to play the "artistic merit" card on this, because I don't care. The bigger issue is that any game should be put into such a position, where the developer is forced to change their content or be left with no avenue to release their work. I know, Rockstar should be and no doubt was aware of Sony and Nintendo's policies on AO ratings. But they can't know what rating they're going to get before they even begin.
But big deal. So they shorten some scenes or remove a few animations and get it re-rated. Why make a thing out of it. The problem is that we don't have an answer to the larger question, which is what happens when (not if) the games industry's Requiem for a Dream comes along. Requiem was given an NC-17 by the MPAA, but director Darren Aronofsky refused to edit the film, arguing that the intensity and offensive nature of the scenes in question were central to the message of the entire movie. (Having seen the movie, I agree with him.) Showing fortitude rarely witnessed in movie studios, Artisan Entertainment agreed to release the movie unrated. This obviously posed a challenge to distribution, but they did have the art house circuit and later home video to support them. Video stores especially are more forgiving about unrated movies, with the exception of some family-oriented outlets like Blockbuster.
Video games, on the other hand, practically live and die by their ESRB rating, as it is generally treated as the one and only reason adult content is allowed in games at all. Can you imagine if a game with adult themes was found to be sold unrated at a Gamestop? The same place where little Jimmy buys the latest Spyro game? He might catch sex madness! There was even a bill recently proposed in New York to permit the seizure of unrated games. So clearly even the work-around developed by the movie business is closed to game developers. How can we want the industry to grow and mature and tackle more important, serious, disturbing and even dangerous topics while also not giving them any outlet for their work if it crosses some arbitrary line in the sand?
Some people will attempt to counter this by saying that video games will never reach that point of artistic maturity, which is rather depressing. More because of what it says about public opinion than anything else, because I have no doubt we will reach that point someday (again, I won't argue whether Manhunt 2 is it) and we will have to deal with this. And once, just once, it would be nice to have a rational, sensible solution before we get there.
Comments
My thoughts exactly.
When it was first revealed that the game was given an AO rating; banned in the UK, but before we found out Nintendo and Sony wouldn't allow it at all, a lot of people were expecting two versions of the game. An M and an uncut edition sold through Rockstar's website. I'm very surprised that wasn't the route taken. As far as the "artistic merit" argument, from the looks of it this game was going to be as lame as the first looked, but when the entire allure to the series is the horror/violence and you cut it out, that's obviously going to stifle it significantly.
Another point to make, I'm sure the Wii version's "interactive control" was a pretty big driving force behind the AO decision, which is kind of a joke. I'm really quite disappointed by the Wii's controls, and I doubt it could ever be employed in a way that's truly realistic or immersive.
Unfair.
Posted by: Abomstar | June 21, 2007 3:18 AM
Wow. Great piece.
Posted by: Anonymous | June 21, 2007 3:27 AM
I have to say, I've not got a great deal of sympathy for Rockstar. They flirt with controversy on nearly every title to gain a bit of publicity, sometimes I wonder if Manhunt is as gory as it is purely for hype's sake, and they lied through their teeth on the Hot Coffee scandal, which nearly fucked over so many parts of the games and rating industry.
On the other hand, they're a fantastic collection of developers, and one of the biggest independent studios out there. For all the controversy over so many of their games, they also tend to turn out to be damn good games too, which makes my dislike of their "edginess" all the more frustrating.
I'm mostly disappointed with Sony and Nintendo though. After the latter claimed they'd be more accomodating to adult games this generation (after Manhunt 2 was originally announced for the Wii), and when the former has a track record of letting developers have much more of a free reign on their console, I didn't like the way they immediately went and washed their hands of the situation. Just as you've pointed out, if the industry is going to stand up to the AO rating, it would be nice to have the larger companies say "Yes, we will allow this creative freedom on our consoles."
I guess it just stems from the fact that, to the non-gaming world, the maker of a console is intrinsically linked to any game that comes out for it. No-one would ever think to blame Sony for a horrific film coming out on Blu-ray, yet they would in a instant for a game like Manhunt.
Fantastic article, if this is the future of the site then keep up the good work.
Posted by: Otis | June 21, 2007 6:21 AM
If there is a game that deserves an AO rating, one where you hunt down and murder people is most likely the best candidate. I'm just saying.
Posted by: Kirbyoto | June 21, 2007 8:22 AM
I agree that Manhunt deserves that rating, and probably a few others. But it's more that the rating suddenly makes a game non-existant that sucks. If there was a developer that was willing to back their AO game, avenues to market it well, and distributors to make it available widely enough to make it at least somewhat successful, that might change. But that's a lot to ask.
Posted by: Bismark | June 21, 2007 12:38 PM
I do agree it is ridiculous to have an "AO" rating simply to put in games that nobody will ship. That just seems ridiculous.
Posted by: Kirbyoto | June 21, 2007 12:49 PM
Two things need to happen to see any change on this front:
1. Videogames need to be held to the same standards as films. Not in terms of artistic merit, but in the sense that an image receives the same treatment whether presented in a film or in a videogame. Tell me how this is a controversy and I'll tell you how you're biased against certain forms of media.
2. A top-tier developer needs to grow a pair of balls. (And no, Rockstar isn't top-tier.) If the next Gears of War received an AO rating and the suits stood their ground, the embargo against AO would crumble as Wal-Mart lost sales to specialty retailers. Manhunt 2 is a curiosity, not a killer app (if you'll pardon the pun), and it does not have the cachet needed to tear down this wall.
So I guess you guys need to get busy. Should we break off into teams, or what?
Posted by: Sarchasm | June 21, 2007 2:33 PM
To be honest, I can see where the woman is coming from with the photo of her kid. I think they probably would have the same reaction had it been used in a movie. It's not about it being in a game, it's that using the last known photo of someone's child before they were murdered as set decoration is a little.. crass.
Posted by: Bill | June 21, 2007 3:22 PM
I think "crass" might be a little harsh, but I'm willing to concede that images of real tragedy are too often sensationalized across all media.
Posted by: Sarchasm | June 21, 2007 4:23 PM
If you're trying to tell me that it is okay for a video of a child being led to his death (and the video is being used against the wishes of the parents) doesn't constitute a controversy of some kind, I really don't know what to say to you.
Posted by: Kirbyoto | June 21, 2007 7:42 PM
Using that video is just shitty, and spectacularly sloppy on the part of the developers for not even seeking permission. And if they didn't know what it was, they should have found out or used something else. Wow, that's really awful.
No top-tier developer is going to grow those balls because things ain't broke as far as they're concerned. Either way, Rockstar seems pretty top-tier in that all the suits found time to make a big deal out of landing GTAIV for their consoles. If anyone could pull it off, it'd be them. They're perfect for it, actually, because they already have the well-known name and reputation. If they stood behind a well-made AO game, the media controversy would cover all marketing. Once they found a large enough outfit to distribute it (that's the big key), people would scramble for it based on hype and taboo alone.
Posted by: Bismark | June 21, 2007 7:49 PM
For the record, the image from the video as it was used in the game can be seen here. Not exploitative, but still not a smart idea.
Posted by: Bill | June 21, 2007 8:15 PM
Yeah, I take back what I said about Rockstar. I'm not a big fan of their games, but I think I have to bow to their sales figures.
The game that breaks the AO barrier will most likely have to come from an unknown studio that just happens to stumble into a blockbuster. It's not a very likely scenario, but the growing prevalence of digital distribution slightly evens the odds.
And just so you guys don't think I'm a slavering ogre, I had seen that screencap well in advance of writing my post.
Posted by: Sarchasm | June 22, 2007 12:42 AM
Yeah I don't see how Rockstar aren't top tier when I could bet you any amount of money that GTAIV will outsell any Gears game.
I'm not sure whether they'd be the ones to stand up to an AO rating though. They might, but being a third-party developer, it's too easy for the console manufacturers to distance themselves, as they have here. Maybe if it was GTAIV and the companies knew the reward would still beat the risk involved, but even then I think they'd just settle for changing the game. After all, the plain fact is that it'll sell more if it's toned down to be sold in Walmart.
I hope the BBFC reverse their banning of the game over here though, as I like the fact that we approach games the same as films over here, and there's far less stigma on an 18-rated game (until the clueless parties get involved anyway).
Posted by: Otis | June 22, 2007 9:43 AM
I think Rockstar could because it's become expected of them. Most other developers would get cold feet about trying it out for fear of tarnishing their name, but Rockstar has never been afraid of scandal, for better or worse. Because of that and the following they have for their reputation, they have a good shot I'd say at marketing an AO game to a wide audience. But again, who is willing to distribute it?
Posted by: Bismark | June 22, 2007 1:34 PM
The "Will Rockstar/Won't Rockstar" debate will only be settled when (if) they release a PC port of Manhunt 2. The rating attached to that product will be terribly significant.
Posted by: Sarchasm | June 22, 2007 8:35 PM
It's interesting that the US has this problem. In Australia, the problem comes from there not being an adult R18 (you must be over 18 to buy it) rating. This means that a bunch of games are too graphic to be rated M15+ (it is recommended that you are 15 to buy it), and so the only alternative the ratings panel has is to ban the game.
I find it quite odd that US stores are so hesitant to stock adult rated games. Why is this? I know Blockbuster is run by godbags, and I assume Walmart is too, but surely there are also some non-puritanical distribution channels?
Also Manhunt 2 will be shit.
Posted by: webber | June 23, 2007 7:13 AM
Part of the problem is that all the specialty video game retailers -- Gamestop, EB, Babbages, Software Etc. -- are owned by the same company now. So if they decide not to offer AO games (and right now they probably think it's not worth the trouble, as the majority of AO titles are awful sex games), that screws most of your options.
I am curious as to whether Sam Goody would sell AO games, given that they already have a section for softcore adult videos.
Posted by: Bill | June 23, 2007 2:33 PM
I think the issue is being approached as a moral/censorship issue when it's not. If we're applying the same standards to movies as we do to games - that Manhunt 2 is intended for adults like Hostel 2 is intended for adults, thus the ratings reflect this - then it's not really the problem that Manhunt 2 is restricted to adults, but the implications of this. And it is not the ESRB controlling these implications, but the platforms that refuse to house Adults Only titles (like the Wii) and the retailers that refuse to stock them (Wal-mart, et al). This appears, on the surface, like nothing more than an attempt to take the moral high ground. In reality, it's a smart business move.
For corporations like Wal-mart and Nintendo to establish their brand as family friendly is more important (and more profitable to them) than any short-term profits they receive from sales of Manhunt 2. They are no doubt loving this controversy because it paints them as willing to assert the family-friendliness of their brand under some pretty considerable and public pressure. You can't buy that kind of PR.
The anger at the ESRB is misplaced. If the game were still on shelves (but available to buy/loan only to adults) then I don't think there'd be much controversy. It's the stance of companies like Nintendo and Wal-mart which are creating the situation we are in now. And let's face it: they're not going to back down, because it'd be damaging to their brand image to do so.
Posted by: Natasha Driver | June 29, 2007 10:05 PM
I have to agree with Natasha. I do believe that Nintendo's move comes from selling themselves (as they always have) as a family product, heck, they even installed a censorship code in the Wiis for that reason.
I'm not a big fan of Rockstar. I've played most GTA titles (except San Andreas) and while they can be amusing, I really don't see them as true masterpieces of the gaming industry. This is why I think that Nintendo won't change its stance on selling Manhunt (though maybe sony will), simply because Rockstar is just not a very bug fish yet.
About the rating, again, I agree with Natasha, Manhunt deserves and AO rating since it is too graphical to be played by kids and pre-teens, so the rating is ok.
Posted by: Vik | October 11, 2007 9:25 AM